An Efficient Routing Algorithm for Void Hole Avoidance in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Routing hole problem is one of the most important issues in the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). It aims to analyze the routing hole boundary to prevent the formation of routing hole such that network lifetime and all other parameters are also increased. In this paper, we have proposed the two techniques to transmit the data in the presence of routing hole. In our protocol, the nodes transmit the data on the basis of an energy gradation (EG) and depth adjustment (DA) of the void nodes. However, these techniques are used for avoidance of routing hole. The efficient load balanced routing (ELBAR) using DA performed better than other two schemes. Simulation results depict that our schemes perform the better role in terms of energy efficiency, lifetime, deviation of energy consumption, path length and euclidean stretch.